Advantages of TDR Compared to Thumping in Underground Cable Troubleshooting
Common methods of finding faults in direct buried cables is arc reflection or simply thumping. Thumping is a method that is performed by discharging a large amount of energy into a cable. This electrical energy will seek to arc across the path of least resistance to ground, which in this case would be the electrical insulating material that separates the center conductor from the outer shield, or concentric neutral. When that arc occurs it often makes an audible thumping sound in the vicinity of the arc. If thumping is being performed where there is high ambient noise, or for some reason cannot be heard, directional acoustic detectors can be used in pinpointing the fault location. However, this method may require the cable to be thumped for a lengthy period of time while walking the path of the cable and listening. If a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) is incorporated into the test, along with a thumper, then when the arc occurs, the TDR will reflected the change to the impedance of the insulation at the location of the fault. This would be the Arc Reflection method and can significantly reduce the thumping time necessary to locate the fault. It can be used to localize the fault and if necessary pinpointed using an acoustic fault detector.
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